209. Match the sentences and the missing word combinations in them:
A. The application of nanotechnology on electronic components, particularly transistors, …
B. As a result, even if current transistors are created using 65 nm or 45 nm technology, …
C. …, rapid technology advancement has produced a plethora of new and exciting options
D. At the same time, …, despite varying recessions
E. is referred to as nanoelectronics
F. they fall under this group
G. rather than killing jobs
H. output has increased
210. Match the terms and definitions:
A. Watt
B. Voltage
C. Nanoelectronics
D. a unit of power or radiant flux
E. the work needed per unit of charge to move a test charge between the two points
F. the use of nanotechnology in electronic components
211. Match the terms and definitions:
A. Multi-core processor
B. Capacitor
C. Solar cells
D. an electrical device that converts the energy of light directly into electricity by the photovoltaic effect, which is a physical and chemical phenomenon
E. a computer processor on a single integrated circuit with two or more separate processing units, called cores, each of which reads and executes program instructions
F. a device that stores electrical energy in an electric field. It is a passive electronic component with two terminals
212. Match the units of data measurement with their characteristics:
A. Bit
B. Kilobyte (kb)
C. Gigabyte (Gb)
D. is the smallest unit of measurement
E. is approximately 1000 bytes, or the equivalent of 1000 characters
F. is approximately 1000 Mb, or the equivalent of one billion characters
213. MULTICS was developed by …
*Apple Inc
*Kaspersky Labs
*Linux
*Bell Labs
214. Put the number of Internet users worldwide from the smallest to the largest:
1 South Africa
2 Russia
3 China
4 the USA
215. Put today’s potential of automation in the USA according to McKinsey Global Institute from the lowest to the biggest:
1 education
2 health care and social service
3 retail and wholesale trade, transportation
4 technologies, media and telecommunications abacus
5 hotel and restaurant business
216. RTOS are operating systems that are characterized by … (choose 3 correct answers)
*high level of readiness
*guaranteed response time
*unlimited memory resources
*low performance
217. Talent, intellectual property, finance, and technical experience will always be in demand as the global economy is revolutionised by … technology
*old
* new
*great
*cool
218. The … transistor was conceived about 25 years before bipolar transistors, but mass production did not become feasible until the early 1960s
219. The analytical engine was invented in …
*1933
*1833
*1733
*2022
220. The Apple Macintosh, a low-cost workstation that emerged from early Alto computer concepts, was released in …
*1960
* 1984
*1987
*2001
221. The author of The Production and Distribution of Knowledge in the United States (1962) is …
*Frank Webster
*Fritz Machlup
*William Martin
*Anatoly Ilyich Rakitov
222. The benefits of specialized RTOS include … (choose 2 correct answers)
*intolerance
* top performance
*long development time
* the greatest compactness
223. The first calculating device was …
224. The first operating system for the IBM 701 was created by …
*Apple
*Google
*Samsung
* General Motors
225. The interrupt … is the time interval from an event on an object to the execution of the first instruction in the program for processing this event
226. The most significant worldwide danger is the rise in labor … when information technologies are implemented
227. The network operating system, which allows users to copy files from …
*one station to another
*RAM to built-in memory
*RAM to Cloud memory
*a station to Cloud memory
228. The observations that apply to a common … information system also apply to a certain extent to data warehouses and data mining
*integrated
*real-time
*distributed
*embedded
229. The OS-9 family of real-time operating systems has been in use for over … years, with more than 5 million installed copies
*twenty
*thirty
*forty
*fifty
230. The second most important direction for strengthening accounting policies in the information society is the massive use of …
*passports
*GPS signals
*GLONASS
*cryptography
231. The stage of society’s development when the service sector generates more wealth than the manufacturing sector of the economy is called … society
*industrial
*knowledge
*information
*post-industrial
232. The term “…” refers to the social, economic, technological, and cultural changes that have occurred as a result of the rapid development and extensive use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in modern countries, particularly since World War II
233. The transistor’s most significant advantage over the best vacuum tubes was that it …
*produced a lot of heat
*consumed far less power
*took 1 to 2 minutes to warm up
*were less reliable and had a shorter lifespan
234. The transistor’s most significant advantage over the best vacuum tubes was that it consumed far …
*longer lifespan
*shorter lifespan
*big advantage
*small advantage
235. The unfair situation in society when some people have more opportunities, money, etc. than other people is called …
*equality
*injustice
*inequality
*lawlessness
236. There are some of the potential advantages of real-time operating systems, for example … (choose 2 correct answers)
*they use heavy system resources
*they allow easy allocation of memory
*they allow fast shifting from one task to another
*they run on complex algorithms that are not easy to understand
237. There are some of the potential disadvantages of distributed operating systems, for example … (choose 2 correct answers)
*they minimize the load on the host computer
*they require a high level of expertise to maintain
*they allow a faster exchange of data among users
* if the primary network fails, the entire system shuts down
238. Transferred data might contain some important …
*signs
*chains
*texts
* information
239. Until the 1800s “computers” were …
*simple calculating machines
*any automated devices in the household
*people who performed repetitive mathematical operations
*electronic machines that can store, organize and find information
240. Vacuum tubes were discovered to have a number of flaws, for example … (choose 3 correct answers)
*they produced very little of heat
*they took 1 to 2 minutes to warm up
*two similar tubes had varying output and operational properties
*they required high power supply voltages of 300 volts dc and higher
241. W. Martin emphasizes the idea that … is “a key element of the information society”
242. A company deals with tasks which take a long time to complete. Each worker has their duties that can be done offline. It’s essential for managers to estimate how long a task will take to be completed. The company uses a time-sharing system and all the users are able to finish their work in the system at the same time. However they noticed their gadgets to slow down fast. Also the workers notice the inconvenience while managing large workloads. What may be causing these problems? What decision should the company make?
*The company wants to execute a lot of things at the same time, which is now impossible, so each worker needs to use different languages to get the job done. In their case the company should use Operating System
*Workers cannot send direct instructions to the complier to execute various activities since it is extremely difficult for the user to transform their request or instruction into one language. In their case the company should use Input/Output System
*The company uses a system that dedicates time to a certain activity and frequently switches between the computers, which is overloading while completing long tasks. In their case the company should use Batch System
243. A UNIX based operating system, was originally developed in the mid-’90s. Its major offerings include scalability, interoperability, data management and security, all of which are crucial for businesses that need high-end operating software. In addition to the above, it is also known for its web, database and Java-based services and its unlimited capacity for helping in managing file system and databases is a big plus as well. Which operating system is described:
*Solaris, which is known as Oracle Solaris since 2010 when Oracle acquired Sun Microsystems
*Ubuntu, built on the architecture and infrastructure of Debian
*Free BSD, developed in the University of California by a large community
244. An information society is a society where the usage, creation, distribution, manipulation and integration of information is a significant activity. Which of the following statements is not true about the Information Society?
*The information society refers to the social, economic, technological, and cultural changes that have occurred as a result of the rapid development and extensive use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in modern countries, particularly since World War II
*According to Professor W. Martin attempted to formulate the main characteristics of the information society according to the Social and Technological criteria
*The information society has been formed decades ago, and therefore has been widely studied from different angles; experts have reached the consensus regarding the “Information Society” term
245. Artificial intelligence is becoming more standardized, making it more accessible to a subject-matter expert who isn’t necessarily a knowledge engineering expert. What standards are becoming more common accessible and useful today?
*International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Remote Data Access (RDA)
*American National Admissions Institute (ANSI) Structured Join Language (SQL)
*Object Management Group (OMG) – Common Object Broker Architecture (CORBA)
*Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), Extensible Markup Language (XML)
*Web Ontology Language (OWL), Knowledge Query and Manipulation Language, Win Interchange Format (KIF)
246. Cryptography is the study of secure communications techniques that allow only the sender and intended recipient of a message to view its contents. What does a massive use of cryptography lead to?
*Among other things, it leads to protection of accounting for payment by subscribers of a digital communication channel
*It leads to the dissemination of obscene materials that pose a threat to the moral foundations of society, because people feel free when they can act anonymously, distribute, buy and sell illegal materials with low chance of tracing them
*It leads to a significant improvement of the identification of people by automatic machines when crossing the borders of states
247. Data access can be difficult due to many problems. Which of the following situations describes the documentation problem?
*I need your information now or I won't be able to use it. The data transfer process is too slow, possibly unavailable. Because you have an older system, the migration process is too slow and inefficient. I must have immediate access to your data; otherwise your data will not help me
*The systems are not connected to the same network. Your data is too inconvenient to download. When the systems are not on the same network, downloading data can be too inconvenient. The widespread use of the World Wide Web has reduced the number of problems in this area, but separate networks will always exist
*Users are not aware of specific data sets because your metadata is not published. When metadata is not widely available, users may not even know what data sets they need
248. In the 1960s and 1970s, microcomputers and minicomputers became available to businesses and individuals. Thanks to what technology did it become possible?
*This was made possible by the creation of integrated circuit
*This was made possible by the creation of macro chips
*This was made possible by the creation of 4-bit processor
*This was made possible by the creation of UNIVAC
249. Martin Timmerman formulated the necessary requirements for an RTOS. Two of them are about priorities. Why the combination of priorities is necessary?
*The RTS software is a fixed set of pre-developed modules, and the choice of a program for execution is carried out by interrupts (based on the current state of the object) or in accordance with the scheduled work schedule
*It is the opposite of “necessary”, as the combination of thread priorities can lead to problems such as priority inversion and deadlock
*RTOS needs to share resources. There are a lot of real-time process and system resources for their operation must be available in advance
250. Most businesses don’t want to deal with non-core tasks, which include the IT infrastructure. And if it has to pay for a data center, it has to function at maximum efficiency. Crisis situations are exacerbating resource shortages. Enterprises are cutting IT budgets, investing less in long-term projects in general and in data centers in particular. It is impossible to abandon IT altogether – it is equal to giving up doing business, but phased financing and speed of commissioning come to the fore. What do today’s IT managers face while having limited budgetary resources to expand data centers?
*Task of providing more services to more users, meeting ever-increasing performance expectations, storing and managing exponentially increasing amounts of data, better protecting the network, and ensuring system stability
*Mail to be lost when using postal mail, and neither the sender nor the receiver would know where the letter was or whether it had been delivered
*They face a lot of challenges as “hundreds of billions of dollars are spent annually on mobile phones, electronic devices, computers, and other microelectronic products, spawning an entire industry that did not exist a decade ago”
251. Prior to the transistor’s discovery in 1947, the only way to execute amplification of a weak current in an electronic circuit was to use a vacuum tube. What were the initial advantages transistors demonstrated over small vacuum tubes?
*Transistors had longer lifespan, were smaller and many of them could be placed on a single chip
*Transistors were larger, while consuming far less power. They were more reliable
*Small vacuum tubes’ production cost was much higher. Tubes’ material turned out to be harmful for people’s skin
252. The first recognized use of the word “computer” was from 1613.What did the “computer” use to mean before this word started to refer to devices?
*It was used for people who have a high level of intelligence
*It was used for a device which helped ships to calculate their latitude at sea
*It was used for people who performed repetitive mathematical operations
253. The OS-9 family of real-time operating systems has been in use for over 20 years, with more than 5 million installed copies. The range of OS-9 applications is wide – industrial automation, instrumental and measuring systems, military and space systems. Why has the OS-9 been so popular and widely used?
*Number of supported hardware platforms and the quality of that support; various development tools; advanced network facilities
*Unlimited number of tasks; it's the first commercial real-time OS designed for building highly reliable fault-tolerant systems
*Their protocol is not based on any of the common network protocols such as IPX or NetBios and has a number of qualities that make it unique; keeps specific hardware running smoothly