268. The concept of crime is considered in … law
*Civil
*Criminal
* Legal
*Administrative
269. The established pattern of behavior that can be objectively verified within a particular social setting is called …
270. The process or product of enrolling, enacting, or promulgating law by a legislature, parliament, or analogous governing body is called …
271. The rule of … is the political philosophy that all citizens and institutions within a country, state, or community are accountable to
*law
*doctrine
*order
*sphere
272. The term “law” denotes the body of rules and regulations that is the product of the … process
273. What is important to note is that the four major legal systems of the world today consist of civil law, common law, … law and religious law
274. According to the Guinness Book of World Records, the Universal Declaration of … is the most translated document in the world
275. Arrange the documents chronologically:
1The Cyrus Cylinder
2The Petition of Rights
3The US Declaration of Independence
4The Magna Carta
276. Efforts in the 19th century to prohibit the … and to limit the horrors of war are prime examples to establish human rights
*slave trade
*poverty
*social injustice
277. For the first time in history, the issue of the protection of the minorities was raised by …
*League of Nations
*United Nations
*Amnesty International
278. Match the following acts with their purposes:
A. The UN Charter
B. The US Constitution
C. Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, 1951
D. bolster international peace and preventing conflict
E. important guarantees about rights and freedoms for certain groups excluding women’s rights
F. prevent and prohibit specific abuses like torture and genocide and to protect especially vulnerable populations, such as refugees
279. On October 24, 1945, in the aftermath of World War II, the … came into being as an intergovernmental organization, with the purpose of saving future generations from the devastation of international conflict
280. Rules of law that aspire to protect all people everywhere from severe political, legal, and social abuses are called human …
281. Stacy and several Black friends went to a café after school. They were having their lunch and laughing. Things started to change for the worse between their group and several White students sitting at another table. Food was thrown and the groups exchanged angry remarks. When the restaurant staff asked Stacy and her friends to leave the café, they felt angry and discriminated against. Did the café staff violate the group's human rights? Advise the café staff
*The café staff violated the group’s human rights. If the students behaved in the same manner, the café staff should have asked both groups to leave the café. Otherwise, it is a racial discrimination that is defined as any discrimination against any individual on the basis of their skin color, or racial or ethnic origin
*The café staff didn’t violate the group’s human rights. It’s the café staff’s decision and they can choose who might stay in the café. So, it was right. No racial discrimination observed
*The café staff violated the group’s human rights. If the students behaved in the same manner, the café staff should have asked both groups to leave the café. Anyway, it is not a racial discrimination
282. The basic rights and freedoms that belong to every person in the world, from birth until death are called … rights
283. The belief that all human beings possess rights and freedoms, simply because they are human, was spread…
*in the aftermath of the Second World War
*in the aftermath of the First World War
*after the French Revolution
284. The Charter of the United Nations established six principal bodies, including the General …, the Security Council, the International Court of Justice, and in relation to human rights, an Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)
285. The first English Bill of Rights contained such rights as … (choose 2 correct answers)
*free elections
*freedom of thought
*freedom of choice
*freedom of speech
286. The first English Bill of Rights was established in …
*1669
*1679
*1689
*1699
287. The Great Charter was so important because it laid out the principle that everybody, …, was subject to the law
*including royalty
*excluding royalty
*excluding nobles
288. The idea of human rights emerged stronger after the … World War
289. The role of the International Labor Organization was to …
*punish for wrongful acts
*create the system of checks and balances
*oversee treaties protecting workers with respect to their rights
290. The roots of rights and freedoms lie …
*in the written and oral traditions of many cultures
*in the Acts
*only in the oral traditions
291. The UN Commission on Human Rights proceeded a treaty – the International … on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) including its optional protocol
292. The United States Constitution of 1791 contained a … that remains in effect today
*Bill of Rights
*Bill of Freedoms
*Bill of Actions
293. The Universal … of Human Rights is the most universal human rights document in existence, delineating the thirty fundamental rights that form the basis for a democratic society
294. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was formally adopted by the … on December 10, 1948
295. … regarded the mixed constitution as the best arrangement of offices in the polis
*The Stoics
*Johne Locke
*Aristotle
296. A … government is one whose powers have been adapted to the interests of its people and to the maintenance of individual liberty
297. A … is a direct vote by the electorate on a proposal, law, or political issue
298. A constitutional … is a government in which the people vote for representatives or laws, and in which the laws are authorized and constrained by a constitution
299. A formal and organized choice by vote of a person for a political office or other position is called an…
300. Aristotle called people …
*natural slaves
*free people
*society
301. Arrange modern constitutions chronologically (consider the date of their adoption):
1Constitution of Italy
2Constitution of Belarus
3Constitution of Russia
4Constitution of Norway
5Constitution of France
302. English philosophers Thomas Hobbes and John Locke in the 17th century and the French philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau in the 18th contributed to the theory of … contract
303. Match the words with the synonyms:
A. Disclosure
B. Constitutionality
C. Representation
D. Division
E. discovery
F. due process
G. delegation
H. separation
304. Roman law added to Aristotelian notions of constitutionalism … (choose 2 correct answers)
*a generalized equality
*a universal wisdom
*a hierarchy of types of laws
*a generalized equity
305. Roman law generally recognized …
*a basic equity among all humans
*an inequality among all humans
*a basic equality among all humans
306. Social … theory says that people live together in society in accordance with an agreement that establishes moral and political rules of behavior
307. States that have a written … may also have a body of traditional or customary practices that may or may not be considered to be of constitutional standing
*Constitution
*Policy
*law
308. The … of the United States is the supreme law of the United States of America
309. The basic law of the state, which describes the structures and processes of government and the fundamental rights of citizens in a higher law that cannot be unilaterally changed by an ordinary legislative act is called the …
310. The Constitution is …
*the body of doctrines and practices that form the fundamental organizing principle of a political state
*a written or printed paper that gives information about or proof of something
*the restriction of the arbitrary exercise of power by subordinating it to well-defined and established laws
311. The Constitution is the supreme law of the country. Imagine if you were asked to create you student groups’ Constitution. What would it contain?
*The preamble and amendments to protect the rights of the citizens. It will list the rights and freedoms of man and citizen such as freedom of walking, press, assembly, media freedom
*The preamble, articles, and amendments to protect the rights of the citizens. It will list the rights and freedoms of man and citizen such as freedom of speech, press, assembly, media freedom
*The preamble, articles, and amendments to protect the rights of the citizens. It will list the rights and freedoms of man and citizen such as freedom of playing video games, press, assembly, media freedom
312. The following types of constitutions are distinguished: …
*oral and written
*written and unwritten
*new and old
313. The Romans conceived of the all-encompassing … law of nature as the eternal framework to which constitutions, laws, and policies should conform – the constitution of the universe
* Rational
*Irrational
*Generalized
314. The Stoics argued, all humans are endowed by nature with a spark of … by means of which they can perceive a universal natural law that governs all the world and can bring their behaviour into harmony with it
*reason
*wisdom
*fortune
*justice
315. The theoretical foundations of modern … were laid down in the great works on the social contract
316. A … is a type of offense punishable under criminal law by less than 12 months in jail
*felony
*misdemeanor
*murder
317. According to the specialists, the current level of drug addiction is …
*critical
*moderate
*low
318. Arrange the following drug control treaties chronologically according to the date of their entry in force:
1the Convention on the Rights of the Child
2the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea
3the Convention on psychotropic substances
4the UN Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances
5the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs
319. Distributing a drug is …
*not a crime
*a drug-related offence
*a drug-found offence
320. Drug abuse and … are associated with drug-related crimes
*addiction
*murder
*crimes
321. Drug-related crimes consist of crimes to possess, …, or distribute drugs classified as having a potential for abuse
322. If a dealer from Austria sells drugs to a buyer from the USA, it is called drug …
*robbery
*trafficking
*smuggling
323. In case people use chemicals or distribute them, they might be prosecuted by the government and sent to …
324. In US law, a … is a crime punishable by a term of imprisonment of not less than one year or by the death penalty
325. It is not correct that … factors are contributing to the difficulty in measuring drug-crime relationships
*cultural
*personal
*economic
*political
*psychological
326. It’s obvious that drug … and drinking can also lead to violent behavior that is not reported and never makes it into the criminal justice system
327. Many countries are affected by … addiction today
*virus drug
*virus alcohol
* junk food
328. Match the words with their synonyms:
A. Intoxication
B. Felon
C. Treatment
D. Substance
E. drunkenness
F. drug offender
G. therapy
H. matter
329. Medications or pharmaceuticals are also … and are regulated differently dependent on their level of health risk
330. One of the most significant acts in the area of drug trafficking is the UN Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances concluded at … in 1988.
331. Study the following case: The defendant, having voluntarily consumed drugs, had the illusion of descending to the centre of the earth and being attacked by snakes. In his attempt to fight off these reptiles he struck the victim two blows on the head causing injuries to her brain. He claimed to have had no knowledge of what he was doing and no intention to harm her. What was the court’s decision?
*His defence of intoxication was rejected at his trial and he was convicted of unlawful act manslaughter
*His defence of intoxication was accepted at his trial and he was released
*The defence was partial. And he was released on bail
332. The first international treaty to control substances was adopted at the Brussels Conference in … in the context of the regulations against slave trade
333. The general trend concerning the narcotic drugs is that the main indicators of mortality fall to … people
*aged
*young
*middle-aged
334. The most effective anti-drug strategy that includes monitoring, detection and sorting, pursuit and apprehension is …
335. There is a complex interconnection among drugs, alcohol, violence, and … behavior
336. Under “biography” is meant each region of distribution of narcotic drugs has its own …
*drug dealers
*police trafficking organizations
*specific development
1. The power to order that a merger shall not go ahead lies with ___________
a.the Director General of Fair Trading
b.the Monopolies and Mergers Commission
c.the Secretary of State
2. The term "goods" includes all "chattels personal" that are _______________
a.tangible
b.immovable
c.intangible
3. A shareholder of a public company can sell his shares freely ________________
a.if the shares are dealt with on the Stock Exchange or the AIM
b.if other shareholders agree
c. if majority shareholder gives his consent
4. The mortgagor may create ____________
a.second and subsequent mortgages over the same property
b.only one mortgage over the same property
c.not more than two mortgages over the same property
5. Employees are entitled to notice which could be a month ___________
a.for senior clerical workers
b.for senior managers
c.for other managers
6. When the land is owned by a company, ________________
a.there must be registration of the equitable mortgage
b.there must be registration of both legal and equitable mortgages
c.registration of a mortgage is not necessary
7. Contracts for the sale of goods include __________
a.contracts of bailment
b.agreements to sell
c.contracts for hire of goods
8. Private limited companies cannot raise money _________
a.by selling shares
b.by inviting other members
c.by making loans
9. The secretary of a private company _________
a.must have work experience as a company secretary
b.need not have any personal qualifications
c.must be qualified as a chartered secretary, an accountant or a lawyer
10. The bankruptcy petition can be presented by ___________
a.the trustee
b.a creditor
c.a magistrate
11. To take part in the management of a registered company, a bankrupt must get ________
a.the court’ consent
b.the creditors’ consent
c.the trustee’s consent
12. If the principal refuses to ratify the transaction _____________
a.no one will be liable for damages
b.the agent will be liable for damages
c.the principal will be liable for damages
13. Choses capable of negotiation are classified as negotiable instruments and include _____________
a.bills of lading
b.postal orders
c.bills of exchange
14. If a minority shareholder does not agree with the majority ___________
a.the court will support him
b.the majority must agree with him
c.he must accept the decision of the majority
15. Leasehold estate which incudes the renewable yearly lease is ___________
a.the "estate at will"
b.the "term of years"
c.the "estate by sufferance"
16. Sole trader _____________
a.is liable for all his debts
b.shares losses with the people he employs
c.has limited liability
17. A person cannot be a partner if ____________
a.he or she is a minor
b.it is a limited company
c.he or she is an enemy alien
18. A consent of the principal _________
a.must be given in written form
b.can be verbal, in writing or by deed
c.is to be given by deed
19. The Monopolies and Mergers Commission consists of ____________
a.not more than 30 members
b.not less than 10 members
c.three members
20. Fiduciary duties of employees are implied into a contract of employment ___________
a.are not implied
b.by the common law
c.by statute